Subfamily Gonyaulacoideae - Revision history

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2016-12-21T22:59:45Z

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<CENTER>Subfamily Gonyaulacoideae</CENTER> <TABLE WIDTH="100%"><TD>Citation: Gonyaulacoideae (Autonym). 
Diagnosis:Gonyaulacaceans with an [[S-type ventral organization]], typically [[neutral torsion]] and three or four [[Climactal plate|climactal plates]] excluding small [[dorsal]] [[Anterior intercalary plate|anterior intercalary plates]] (so-called [["incidental plates"|"incidental plates"]]), where present. Of these [[Climactal plate|climactal plates]], the first [[Apical |apical ]] [[homologue]] (*1\') is reduced or absent. There are six [[Kofoid]] [[Precingular plate|precingular plates]]. 
Type genus:<UL> 
[[Gonyaulax]] [[Diesing, 1866]]. 
</UL>Extant genera:<UL> 
[[Acanthogonyaulax]] ( [[Kofoid, 1911]]) [[Graham, 1942]]. 
Amylax [[Meunier, 1910]]. 
[[Gonyaulax]] [[Diesing, 1866]]. 
<UL>(=Roulea [[Gourret, 1883]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Schiller, 1935b]], p.275)</UL> 
<UL>(=Steiniella [[Schütt, 1895]]; taxonomic junior synonym by general consensus)</UL> 
Spiraulax [[Kofoid, 1911b]]. 
<UL>(=Spiraulaxina [[Loeblich III, 1970]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Taylor, 1976a]], p.111)</UL> 
</UL>Fossil genera:<UL> 
[[Achomosphaera]] [[Evitt, 1963]]; Late Cretaceous. 
[[Ataxiodinium]] [[Reid, 1974]]; Holocene. 
?[[Avellodinium]] [[Duxbury, 1977]]; Cretaceous (Berriasian-Barremian). 
[[Bitectatodinium]] [[Wilson, 1973]]; Mid Pleistocene. 
<UL>(=[[Caledonidinium]] [[Reid, 1974]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Harland, 1977b]], p.93)</UL> 
?[[Cannosphaeropsis]] [[Wetzel, 1933b|O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; Cretaceous (Senonian). 
?[[Catastomocystis]] [[Singh, 1983|C. Singh, 1983]]; Cretaceous (Cenomanian). 
[[Chaenosphaerula]] [[Damassa, 1997]]; Late Oligocene. 
[[Corrudinium]] [[Stover and Evitt, 1978]]; Oligocene. 
[[Dalella]] [[McMinn and Sun Xuekun, 1994]]; Holocene. 
[[Daveya]] [[Monteil, 1996]]; Cretaceous (Ryazanian). 
?[[Ectosphaeropsis]] [[Londeix and Jan du Chêne, 1988]]; Miocene (Burdigalean). 
[[Edwardsiella]] Versteegh and Zevenboom in [[Versteegh, 1995]]; Oligocene-Pliocene (Chattian-Piacenzian). 
[[Evittosphaerula]] [[Manum, 1979]]; Mid Oligocene-Early Miocene. 
[[Exiguisphaera]] [[Duxbury, 1979a]]; Cretaceous (Hauterivian). 
[[Flandrecysta]] [[Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian). 
[[Hafniasphaera]] [[Hansen, 1977]]; Paleocene (Danian). 
<UL>(=[[Rivernookia]] [[Cookson and Eisenack, 1982]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Lentin and Williams, 1985]], p.311)</UL> 
[[Hystrichosphaeropsis]] [[Deflandre, 1935]]; Cretaceous (Senonian). 
?[[Hystrichostrogylon]] [[Agelopoulos, 1964]]; Late Eocene. 
[[Impagidinium]] [[Stover and Evitt, 1978]]; Late Eocene. 
[[Nematosphaeropsis]] [[Deflandre and Cookson, 1955]]; Holocene. 
<UL>(=[[Coccopterum]] [[Silva, 1970]]; taxonomic junior synonym - type is now in[[Nematosphaeropsis]] )</UL> 
<UL>(=[[Pterococcus]] [[Lohmann, 1904]]; homonym -[[Coccopterum]] is substitute)</UL> 
?[[Okerisphaeridium]] [[Kunz, 1990]]; Jurassic (Oxfordian) 
[[Pentadinium]] [[Gerlach, 1961]]; Mid Oligocene-Mid Miocene. 
<UL>(=[[Planinosphaeridium]] [[Eisenack, 1965b]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Stover and Evitt, 1978]], p.179-180)</UL> 
<UL>(=[[Toenisbergia]] [[Benedek et al., 1982]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Lentin and Williams, 1985]], p.356)</UL> 
[[Piccoladinium]] Versteegh and Zevenboom in [[Versteegh, 1995]]; Oligocene-Pliocene (Chattian-Piacenzian). 
[[Prionodinium]] [[Leffingwell and Morgan, 1977]]; Cretaceous (Neocomian). 
[[Psaligonyaulax]] [[Sarjeant, 1966b]]; Cretaceous (Cenomanian). 
[[Pterodinium]] [[Eisenack, 1958a]]; Cretaceous (Aptian). 
[[Rottnestia]] [[Cookson and Eisenack, 1961b]]; Early Oligocene. 
[[Seriliodinium]] [[Eaton, 1996]]; Pliocene-Pleistocene. 
[[Spiniferites]] [[Mantell, 1850]]; Late Cretaceous. 
<UL>(=[[Hystrichokibotium]] [[Klumpp, 1953]]; taxonomic junior synonym implied in [[Gocht, 1969]], p.32)</UL> 
<UL>(=[[Hystrichosphaera]] [[Wetzel, 1933b|O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Sarjeant, 1970]], p.75)</UL> 
[[Tectatodinium]] [[Wall, 1967]]; Miocene-Holocene. 
[[Trabeculidium]] [[Duxbury, 1980]]; Cretaceous (Barremian). 
?[[Triblastula]] [[Wetzel, 1933b|O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; Late Cretaceous. 
[[Tubotuberella]] [[Vozzhennikova, 1967]]; Late Jurassic. 
<UL>(=[[Dimidiadinium]] [[Brideaux, 1977]]; taxonomic junior synonym - see [[Lentin and Williams, 1989]], p.106</UL> 
<UL>(=[[Glabridinium]] [[Brideaux, 1977]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Sarjeant, 1982b]], p.41)</UL> 
[[Turnhosphaera]] [[Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Santonian). 
[[Unipontidinium]] [[Wrenn, 1988]]; Mid Miocene. 
[[Wilsonisphaera]] [[Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Senonian). 
<UL>(=[[Glaphyrosphaera]] [[Schiøler and Wilson, 1994]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Schiøler and Wilson, 1995]], p.511)</UL> 
[[Wrevittia]] [[Helenes and Lucas-Clark, 1997]]; Cretaceous (Neocomian-Aptian). 
</UL>Other names:<UL> 
<UL>([[Imperfectodinium]] Zevenboom and Santarelli in [[Zevenboom, 1995]]; name not validly published)</UL> 
</UL></TD></TABLE> 

[[Category:Suprageneric]]
[[Category:Tree]]
[[Category:Subfamily|Gonyaulacoideae]]
Parent: [[Parent Family::Family Gonyaulacaceae]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 <B>Diagnosis:</B>Gonyaulacaceans with an <I>[[S-type ventral organization]]</I>, typically <I>[[neutral torsion]]</I> and three or four <I>[[Climactal plate|climactal plates]]</I> excluding small <I>[[dorsal]]</I> <I>[[Anterior intercalary plate|anterior intercalary plates]]</I> (so-called <I>[["incidental plates"|"incidental plates"]]</I>), where present.  Of these <I>[[Climactal plate|climactal plates]]</I>, the first <I>[[Apical |apical ]]</I>  <I>[[homologue]]</I> (*1\') is reduced or absent.  There are six <I>[[Kofoid]]</I> <I>[[Precingular plate|precingular plates]]</I>.<BR>
 <B>Type genus:</B><UL><BR>
-<I>[[Gonyaulax]]</I> [[ERROR bib459.htm for Diesing, 1866]].<BR>
+<I>[[Gonyaulax]]</I> [[Diesing, 1866]].<BR>
 </UL><B>Extant genera:</B><UL><BR>
-<I>[[Acanthogonyaulax]]</I> ( [[ERROR bib1091.htm for Kofoid, 1911]]) [[ERROR bib755.htm for Graham, 1942]].<BR>
+<I>[[Acanthogonyaulax]]</I> ( [[Kofoid, 1911]]) [[Graham, 1942]].<BR>
-<I>Amylax</I> [[ERROR bib1358.htm for Meunier, 1910]].<BR>
+<I>Amylax</I> [[Meunier, 1910]].<BR>
-<I>[[Gonyaulax]]</I> [[ERROR bib459.htm for Diesing, 1866]].<BR>
+<I>[[Gonyaulax]]</I> [[Diesing, 1866]].<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>Roulea</I> [[ERROR bib754.htm for Gourret, 1883]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1718.htm for Schiller, 1935b]], p.275)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>Roulea</I> [[Gourret, 1883]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Schiller, 1935b]], p.275)</UL><BR>
-<UL>(=<I>Steiniella</I> [[ERROR bib1752.htm for Sch&#252;tt, 1895]]; taxonomic junior synonym by general consensus)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>Steiniella</I> [[Sch&#252;tt, 1895]]; taxonomic junior synonym by general consensus)</UL><BR>
-<I>Spiraulax</I> [[ERROR bib1092.htm for Kofoid, 1911b]].<BR>
+<I>Spiraulax</I> [[Kofoid, 1911b]].<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>Spiraulaxina</I> [[ERROR bib1202.htm for Loeblich III, 1970]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1881.htm for Taylor, 1976a]], p.111)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>Spiraulaxina</I> [[Loeblich III, 1970]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Taylor, 1976a]], p.111)</UL><BR>
 </UL><B>Fossil genera:</B><UL><BR>
-<I>[[Achomosphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib624.htm for Evitt, 1963]]; Late Cretaceous.<BR>
+<I>[[Achomosphaera]]</I> [[Evitt, 1963]]; Late Cretaceous.<BR>
-<I>[[Ataxiodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1591.htm for Reid, 1974]]; Holocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Ataxiodinium]]</I> [[Reid, 1974]]; Holocene.<BR>
-?<I>[[Avellodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib526.htm for Duxbury, 1977]]; Cretaceous (Berriasian-Barremian).<BR>
+?<I>[[Avellodinium]]</I> [[Duxbury, 1977]]; Cretaceous (Berriasian-Barremian).<BR>
-<I>[[Bitectatodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib2053.htm for Wilson, 1973]]; Mid Pleistocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Bitectatodinium]]</I> [[Wilson, 1973]]; Mid Pleistocene.<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Caledonidinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1591.htm for Reid, 1974]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib820.htm for Harland, 1977b]], p.93)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Caledonidinium]]</I> [[Reid, 1974]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Harland, 1977b]], p.93)</UL><BR>
-?<I>[[Cannosphaeropsis]]</I> [[ERROR bib1998.htm for O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; Cretaceous (Senonian).<BR>
+?<I>[[Cannosphaeropsis]]</I> [[Wetzel, 1933b|O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; Cretaceous (Senonian).<BR>
-?<I>[[Catastomocystis]]</I> [[ERROR bib1767.htm for C. Singh, 1983]]; Cretaceous (Cenomanian).<BR>
+?<I>[[Catastomocystis]]</I> [[Singh, 1983|C. Singh, 1983]]; Cretaceous (Cenomanian).<BR>
-<I>[[Chaenosphaerula]]</I> [[ERROR bib344.htm for Damassa, 1997]]; Late Oligocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Chaenosphaerula]]</I> [[Damassa, 1997]]; Late Oligocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Corrudinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1835.htm for Stover and Evitt, 1978]]; Oligocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Corrudinium]]</I> [[Stover and Evitt, 1978]]; Oligocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Dalella]]</I> [[ERROR bib1343.htm for McMinn and Sun Xuekun, 1994]]; Holocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Dalella]]</I> [[McMinn and Sun Xuekun, 1994]]; Holocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Daveya]]</I> [[ERROR bib1382.htm for Monteil, 1996]]; Cretaceous (Ryazanian).<BR>
+<I>[[Daveya]]</I> [[Monteil, 1996]]; Cretaceous (Ryazanian).<BR>
-?<I>[[Ectosphaeropsis]]</I> [[ERROR bib1233.htm for Londeix and Jan du Ch&#234;ne, 1988]]; Miocene (Burdigalean).<BR>
+?<I>[[Ectosphaeropsis]]</I> [[Londeix and Jan du Ch&#234;ne, 1988]]; Miocene (Burdigalean).<BR>
-<I>[[Edwardsiella]]</I> Versteegh and Zevenboom in [[ERROR bib1942.htm for Versteegh, 1995]]; Oligocene-Pliocene (Chattian-Piacenzian).<BR>
+<I>[[Edwardsiella]]</I> Versteegh and Zevenboom in [[Versteegh, 1995]]; Oligocene-Pliocene (Chattian-Piacenzian).<BR>
-<I>[[Evittosphaerula]]</I> [[ERROR bib1257.htm for Manum, 1979]]; Mid Oligocene-Early Miocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Evittosphaerula]]</I> [[Manum, 1979]]; Mid Oligocene-Early Miocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Exiguisphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib527.htm for Duxbury, 1979a]]; Cretaceous (Hauterivian).<BR>
+<I>[[Exiguisphaera]]</I> [[Duxbury, 1979a]]; Cretaceous (Hauterivian).<BR>
-<I>[[Flandrecysta]]</I> [[ERROR bib1774.htm for Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian).<BR>
+<I>[[Flandrecysta]]</I> [[Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian).<BR>
-<I>[[Hafniasphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib798.htm for Hansen, 1977]]; Paleocene (Danian).<BR>
+<I>[[Hafniasphaera]]</I> [[Hansen, 1977]]; Paleocene (Danian).<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Rivernookia]]</I> [[ERROR bib309.htm for Cookson and Eisenack, 1982]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1174.htm for Lentin and Williams, 1985]], p.311)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Rivernookia]]</I> [[Cookson and Eisenack, 1982]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Lentin and Williams, 1985]], p.311)</UL><BR>
-<I>[[Hystrichosphaeropsis]]</I> [[ERROR bib388.htm for Deflandre, 1935]]; Cretaceous (Senonian).<BR>
+<I>[[Hystrichosphaeropsis]]</I> [[Deflandre, 1935]]; Cretaceous (Senonian).<BR>
-?<I>[[Hystrichostrogylon]]</I> [[ERROR bib9.htm for Agelopoulos, 1964]]; Late Eocene.<BR>
+?<I>[[Hystrichostrogylon]]</I> [[Agelopoulos, 1964]]; Late Eocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Impagidinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1835.htm for Stover and Evitt, 1978]]; Late Eocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Impagidinium]]</I> [[Stover and Evitt, 1978]]; Late Eocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Nematosphaeropsis]]</I> [[ERROR bib421.htm for Deflandre and Cookson, 1955]]; Holocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Nematosphaeropsis]]</I> [[Deflandre and Cookson, 1955]]; Holocene.<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Coccopterum]]</I> [[ERROR bib1762.htm for Silva, 1970]]; taxonomic junior synonym - type is now in<I>[[Nematosphaeropsis]]</I> )</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Coccopterum]]</I> [[Silva, 1970]]; taxonomic junior synonym - type is now in<I>[[Nematosphaeropsis]]</I> )</UL><BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Pterococcus]]</I> [[ERROR bib1227.htm for Lohmann, 1904]]; homonym -<I>[[Coccopterum]]</I> is substitute)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Pterococcus]]</I> [[Lohmann, 1904]]; homonym -<I>[[Coccopterum]]</I> is substitute)</UL><BR>
-?<I>[[Okerisphaeridium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1125.htm for Kunz, 1990]]; Jurassic (Oxfordian)<BR>
+?<I>[[Okerisphaeridium]]</I> [[Kunz, 1990]]; Jurassic (Oxfordian)<BR>
-<I>[[Pentadinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib716.htm for Gerlach, 1961]]; Mid Oligocene-Mid Miocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Pentadinium]]</I> [[Gerlach, 1961]]; Mid Oligocene-Mid Miocene.<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Planinosphaeridium]]</I> [[ERROR bib585.htm for Eisenack, 1965b]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1835.htm for Stover and Evitt, 1978]], p.179-180)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Planinosphaeridium]]</I> [[Eisenack, 1965b]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Stover and Evitt, 1978]], p.179-180)</UL><BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Toenisbergia]]</I> [[ERROR bib101.htm for Benedek et al., 1982]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1174.htm for Lentin and Williams, 1985]], p.356)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Toenisbergia]]</I> [[Benedek et al., 1982]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Lentin and Williams, 1985]], p.356)</UL><BR>
-<I>[[Piccoladinium]]</I> Versteegh and Zevenboom in [[ERROR bib1942.htm for Versteegh, 1995]]; Oligocene-Pliocene (Chattian-Piacenzian).<BR>
+<I>[[Piccoladinium]]</I> Versteegh and Zevenboom in [[Versteegh, 1995]]; Oligocene-Pliocene (Chattian-Piacenzian).<BR>
-<I>[[Prionodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1143.htm for Leffingwell and Morgan, 1977]]; Cretaceous (Neocomian).<BR>
+<I>[[Prionodinium]]</I> [[Leffingwell and Morgan, 1977]]; Cretaceous (Neocomian).<BR>
-<I>[[Psaligonyaulax]]</I> [[ERROR bib1657.htm for Sarjeant, 1966b]]; Cretaceous (Cenomanian).<BR>
+<I>[[Psaligonyaulax]]</I> [[Sarjeant, 1966b]]; Cretaceous (Cenomanian).<BR>
-<I>[[Pterodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib574.htm for Eisenack, 1958a]]; Cretaceous (Aptian).<BR>
+<I>[[Pterodinium]]</I> [[Eisenack, 1958a]]; Cretaceous (Aptian).<BR>
-<I>[[Rottnestia]]</I> [[ERROR bib295.htm for Cookson and Eisenack, 1961b]]; Early Oligocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Rottnestia]]</I> [[Cookson and Eisenack, 1961b]]; Early Oligocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Seriliodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib534.htm for Eaton, 1996]]; Pliocene-Pleistocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Seriliodinium]]</I> [[Eaton, 1996]]; Pliocene-Pleistocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Spiniferites]]</I> [[ERROR bib1253.htm for Mantell, 1850]]; Late Cretaceous.<BR>
+<I>[[Spiniferites]]</I> [[Mantell, 1850]]; Late Cretaceous.<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Hystrichokibotium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1078.htm for Klumpp, 1953]]; taxonomic junior synonym implied in [[ERROR bib727.htm for Gocht, 1969]], p.32)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Hystrichokibotium]]</I> [[Klumpp, 1953]]; taxonomic junior synonym implied in [[Gocht, 1969]], p.32)</UL><BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Hystrichosphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib1998.htm for O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1664.htm for Sarjeant, 1970]], p.75)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Hystrichosphaera]]</I> [[Wetzel, 1933b|O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Sarjeant, 1970]], p.75)</UL><BR>
-<I>[[Tectatodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1968.htm for Wall, 1967]]; Miocene-Holocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Tectatodinium]]</I> [[Wall, 1967]]; Miocene-Holocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Trabeculidium]]</I> [[ERROR bib529.htm for Duxbury, 1980]]; Cretaceous (Barremian).<BR>
+<I>[[Trabeculidium]]</I> [[Duxbury, 1980]]; Cretaceous (Barremian).<BR>
-?<I>[[Triblastula]]</I> [[ERROR bib1998.htm for O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; Late Cretaceous.<BR>
+?<I>[[Triblastula]]</I> [[Wetzel, 1933b|O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; Late Cretaceous.<BR>
-<I>[[Tubotuberella]]</I> [[ERROR bib1961.htm for Vozzhennikova, 1967]]; Late Jurassic.<BR>
+<I>[[Tubotuberella]]</I> [[Vozzhennikova, 1967]]; Late Jurassic.<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Dimidiadinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib159.htm for Brideaux, 1977]]; taxonomic junior synonym - see [[ERROR bib1176.htm for Lentin and Williams, 1989]], p.106</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Dimidiadinium]]</I> [[Brideaux, 1977]]; taxonomic junior synonym - see [[Lentin and Williams, 1989]], p.106</UL><BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Glabridinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib159.htm for Brideaux, 1977]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1678.htm for Sarjeant, 1982b]], p.41)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Glabridinium]]</I> [[Brideaux, 1977]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Sarjeant, 1982b]], p.41)</UL><BR>
-<I>[[Turnhosphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib1774.htm for Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Santonian).<BR>
+<I>[[Turnhosphaera]]</I> [[Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Santonian).<BR>
-<I>[[Unipontidinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib2077.htm for Wrenn, 1988]]; Mid Miocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Unipontidinium]]</I> [[Wrenn, 1988]]; Mid Miocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Wilsonisphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib1774.htm for Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Senonian).<BR>
+<I>[[Wilsonisphaera]]</I> [[Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Senonian).<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Glaphyrosphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib1729.htm for Schi&#248;ler and Wilson, 1994]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1730.htm for Schi&#248;ler and Wilson, 1995]], p.511)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Glaphyrosphaera]]</I> [[Schi&#248;ler and Wilson, 1994]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Schi&#248;ler and Wilson, 1995]], p.511)</UL><BR>
-<I>[[Wrevittia]]</I> [[ERROR bib881.htm for Helenes and Lucas-Clark, 1997]]; Cretaceous (Neocomian-Aptian).<BR>
+<I>[[Wrevittia]]</I> [[Helenes and Lucas-Clark, 1997]]; Cretaceous (Neocomian-Aptian).<BR>
 </UL><B>Other names:</B><UL><BR>
-<UL>(<I>[[Imperfectodinium]]</I> Zevenboom and Santarelli in [[ERROR bib2100.htm for Zevenboom, 1995]]; name not validly published)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(<I>[[Imperfectodinium]]</I> Zevenboom and Santarelli in [[Zevenboom, 1995]]; name not validly published)</UL><BR>
 </UL></TD></TABLE><BR>

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 <B>Diagnosis:</B>Gonyaulacaceans with an <I>[[S-type ventral organization]]</I>, typically <I>[[neutral torsion]]</I> and three or four <I>[[Climactal plate|climactal plates]]</I> excluding small <I>[[dorsal]]</I> <I>[[Anterior intercalary plate|anterior intercalary plates]]</I> (so-called <I>[["incidental plates"|"incidental plates"]]</I>), where present.  Of these <I>[[Climactal plate|climactal plates]]</I>, the first <I>[[Apical |apical ]]</I>  <I>[[homologue]]</I> (*1\') is reduced or absent.  There are six <I>[[Kofoid]]</I> <I>[[Precingular plate|precingular plates]]</I>.<BR>
 <B>Type genus:</B><UL><BR>
-<I>[[Gonyaulax]]</I> [[Diesing, 1866]].<BR>
+<I>[[Gonyaulax]]</I> [[ERROR bib459.htm for Diesing, 1866]].<BR>
 </UL><B>Extant genera:</B><UL><BR>
-<I>[[Acanthogonyaulax]]</I> ( [[Kofoid, 1911]]) [[Graham, 1942]].<BR>
+<I>[[Acanthogonyaulax]]</I> ( [[ERROR bib1091.htm for Kofoid, 1911]]) [[ERROR bib755.htm for Graham, 1942]].<BR>
-<I>Amylax</I> [[Meunier, 1910]].<BR>
+<I>Amylax</I> [[ERROR bib1358.htm for Meunier, 1910]].<BR>
-<I>[[Gonyaulax]]</I> [[Diesing, 1866]].<BR>
+<I>[[Gonyaulax]]</I> [[ERROR bib459.htm for Diesing, 1866]].<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>Roulea</I> [[Gourret, 1883]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Schiller, 1935b]], p.275)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>Roulea</I> [[ERROR bib754.htm for Gourret, 1883]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1718.htm for Schiller, 1935b]], p.275)</UL><BR>
-<UL>(=<I>Steiniella</I> [[Sch&#252;tt, 1895]]; taxonomic junior synonym by general consensus)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>Steiniella</I> [[ERROR bib1752.htm for Sch&#252;tt, 1895]]; taxonomic junior synonym by general consensus)</UL><BR>
-<I>Spiraulax</I> [[Kofoid, 1911b]].<BR>
+<I>Spiraulax</I> [[ERROR bib1092.htm for Kofoid, 1911b]].<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>Spiraulaxina</I> [[Loeblich III, 1970]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Taylor, 1976a]], p.111)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>Spiraulaxina</I> [[ERROR bib1202.htm for Loeblich III, 1970]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1881.htm for Taylor, 1976a]], p.111)</UL><BR>
 </UL><B>Fossil genera:</B><UL><BR>
-<I>[[Achomosphaera]]</I> [[Evitt, 1963]]; Late Cretaceous.<BR>
+<I>[[Achomosphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib624.htm for Evitt, 1963]]; Late Cretaceous.<BR>
-<I>[[Ataxiodinium]]</I> [[Reid, 1974]]; Holocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Ataxiodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1591.htm for Reid, 1974]]; Holocene.<BR>
-?<I>[[Avellodinium]]</I> [[Duxbury, 1977]]; Cretaceous (Berriasian-Barremian).<BR>
+?<I>[[Avellodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib526.htm for Duxbury, 1977]]; Cretaceous (Berriasian-Barremian).<BR>
-<I>[[Bitectatodinium]]</I> [[Wilson, 1973]]; Mid Pleistocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Bitectatodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib2053.htm for Wilson, 1973]]; Mid Pleistocene.<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Caledonidinium]]</I> [[Reid, 1974]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Harland, 1977b]], p.93)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Caledonidinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1591.htm for Reid, 1974]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib820.htm for Harland, 1977b]], p.93)</UL><BR>
-?<I>[[Cannosphaeropsis]]</I> [[Wetzel, 1933b|O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; Cretaceous (Senonian).<BR>
+?<I>[[Cannosphaeropsis]]</I> [[ERROR bib1998.htm for O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; Cretaceous (Senonian).<BR>
-?<I>[[Catastomocystis]]</I> [[Singh, 1983|C. Singh, 1983]]; Cretaceous (Cenomanian).<BR>
+?<I>[[Catastomocystis]]</I> [[ERROR bib1767.htm for C. Singh, 1983]]; Cretaceous (Cenomanian).<BR>
-<I>[[Chaenosphaerula]]</I> [[Damassa, 1997]]; Late Oligocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Chaenosphaerula]]</I> [[ERROR bib344.htm for Damassa, 1997]]; Late Oligocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Corrudinium]]</I> [[Stover and Evitt, 1978]]; Oligocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Corrudinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1835.htm for Stover and Evitt, 1978]]; Oligocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Dalella]]</I> [[McMinn and Sun Xuekun, 1994]]; Holocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Dalella]]</I> [[ERROR bib1343.htm for McMinn and Sun Xuekun, 1994]]; Holocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Daveya]]</I> [[Monteil, 1996]]; Cretaceous (Ryazanian).<BR>
+<I>[[Daveya]]</I> [[ERROR bib1382.htm for Monteil, 1996]]; Cretaceous (Ryazanian).<BR>
-?<I>[[Ectosphaeropsis]]</I> [[Londeix and Jan du Ch&#234;ne, 1988]]; Miocene (Burdigalean).<BR>
+?<I>[[Ectosphaeropsis]]</I> [[ERROR bib1233.htm for Londeix and Jan du Ch&#234;ne, 1988]]; Miocene (Burdigalean).<BR>
-<I>[[Edwardsiella]]</I> Versteegh and Zevenboom in [[Versteegh, 1995]]; Oligocene-Pliocene (Chattian-Piacenzian).<BR>
+<I>[[Edwardsiella]]</I> Versteegh and Zevenboom in [[ERROR bib1942.htm for Versteegh, 1995]]; Oligocene-Pliocene (Chattian-Piacenzian).<BR>
-<I>[[Evittosphaerula]]</I> [[Manum, 1979]]; Mid Oligocene-Early Miocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Evittosphaerula]]</I> [[ERROR bib1257.htm for Manum, 1979]]; Mid Oligocene-Early Miocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Exiguisphaera]]</I> [[Duxbury, 1979a]]; Cretaceous (Hauterivian).<BR>
+<I>[[Exiguisphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib527.htm for Duxbury, 1979a]]; Cretaceous (Hauterivian).<BR>
-<I>[[Flandrecysta]]</I> [[Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian).<BR>
+<I>[[Flandrecysta]]</I> [[ERROR bib1774.htm for Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian).<BR>
-<I>[[Hafniasphaera]]</I> [[Hansen, 1977]]; Paleocene (Danian).<BR>
+<I>[[Hafniasphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib798.htm for Hansen, 1977]]; Paleocene (Danian).<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Rivernookia]]</I> [[Cookson and Eisenack, 1982]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Lentin and Williams, 1985]], p.311)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Rivernookia]]</I> [[ERROR bib309.htm for Cookson and Eisenack, 1982]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1174.htm for Lentin and Williams, 1985]], p.311)</UL><BR>
-<I>[[Hystrichosphaeropsis]]</I> [[Deflandre, 1935]]; Cretaceous (Senonian).<BR>
+<I>[[Hystrichosphaeropsis]]</I> [[ERROR bib388.htm for Deflandre, 1935]]; Cretaceous (Senonian).<BR>
-?<I>[[Hystrichostrogylon]]</I> [[Agelopoulos, 1964]]; Late Eocene.<BR>
+?<I>[[Hystrichostrogylon]]</I> [[ERROR bib9.htm for Agelopoulos, 1964]]; Late Eocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Impagidinium]]</I> [[Stover and Evitt, 1978]]; Late Eocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Impagidinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1835.htm for Stover and Evitt, 1978]]; Late Eocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Nematosphaeropsis]]</I> [[Deflandre and Cookson, 1955]]; Holocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Nematosphaeropsis]]</I> [[ERROR bib421.htm for Deflandre and Cookson, 1955]]; Holocene.<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Coccopterum]]</I> [[Silva, 1970]]; taxonomic junior synonym - type is now in<I>[[Nematosphaeropsis]]</I> )</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Coccopterum]]</I> [[ERROR bib1762.htm for Silva, 1970]]; taxonomic junior synonym - type is now in<I>[[Nematosphaeropsis]]</I> )</UL><BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Pterococcus]]</I> [[Lohmann, 1904]]; homonym -<I>[[Coccopterum]]</I> is substitute)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Pterococcus]]</I> [[ERROR bib1227.htm for Lohmann, 1904]]; homonym -<I>[[Coccopterum]]</I> is substitute)</UL><BR>
-?<I>[[Okerisphaeridium]]</I> [[Kunz, 1990]]; Jurassic (Oxfordian)<BR>
+?<I>[[Okerisphaeridium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1125.htm for Kunz, 1990]]; Jurassic (Oxfordian)<BR>
-<I>[[Pentadinium]]</I> [[Gerlach, 1961]]; Mid Oligocene-Mid Miocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Pentadinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib716.htm for Gerlach, 1961]]; Mid Oligocene-Mid Miocene.<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Planinosphaeridium]]</I> [[Eisenack, 1965b]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Stover and Evitt, 1978]], p.179-180)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Planinosphaeridium]]</I> [[ERROR bib585.htm for Eisenack, 1965b]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1835.htm for Stover and Evitt, 1978]], p.179-180)</UL><BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Toenisbergia]]</I> [[Benedek et al., 1982]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Lentin and Williams, 1985]], p.356)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Toenisbergia]]</I> [[ERROR bib101.htm for Benedek et al., 1982]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1174.htm for Lentin and Williams, 1985]], p.356)</UL><BR>
-<I>[[Piccoladinium]]</I> Versteegh and Zevenboom in [[Versteegh, 1995]]; Oligocene-Pliocene (Chattian-Piacenzian).<BR>
+<I>[[Piccoladinium]]</I> Versteegh and Zevenboom in [[ERROR bib1942.htm for Versteegh, 1995]]; Oligocene-Pliocene (Chattian-Piacenzian).<BR>
-<I>[[Prionodinium]]</I> [[Leffingwell and Morgan, 1977]]; Cretaceous (Neocomian).<BR>
+<I>[[Prionodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1143.htm for Leffingwell and Morgan, 1977]]; Cretaceous (Neocomian).<BR>
-<I>[[Psaligonyaulax]]</I> [[Sarjeant, 1966b]]; Cretaceous (Cenomanian).<BR>
+<I>[[Psaligonyaulax]]</I> [[ERROR bib1657.htm for Sarjeant, 1966b]]; Cretaceous (Cenomanian).<BR>
-<I>[[Pterodinium]]</I> [[Eisenack, 1958a]]; Cretaceous (Aptian).<BR>
+<I>[[Pterodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib574.htm for Eisenack, 1958a]]; Cretaceous (Aptian).<BR>
-<I>[[Rottnestia]]</I> [[Cookson and Eisenack, 1961b]]; Early Oligocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Rottnestia]]</I> [[ERROR bib295.htm for Cookson and Eisenack, 1961b]]; Early Oligocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Seriliodinium]]</I> [[Eaton, 1996]]; Pliocene-Pleistocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Seriliodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib534.htm for Eaton, 1996]]; Pliocene-Pleistocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Spiniferites]]</I> [[Mantell, 1850]]; Late Cretaceous.<BR>
+<I>[[Spiniferites]]</I> [[ERROR bib1253.htm for Mantell, 1850]]; Late Cretaceous.<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Hystrichokibotium]]</I> [[Klumpp, 1953]]; taxonomic junior synonym implied in [[Gocht, 1969]], p.32)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Hystrichokibotium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1078.htm for Klumpp, 1953]]; taxonomic junior synonym implied in [[ERROR bib727.htm for Gocht, 1969]], p.32)</UL><BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Hystrichosphaera]]</I> [[Wetzel, 1933b|O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Sarjeant, 1970]], p.75)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Hystrichosphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib1998.htm for O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1664.htm for Sarjeant, 1970]], p.75)</UL><BR>
-<I>[[Tectatodinium]]</I> [[Wall, 1967]]; Miocene-Holocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Tectatodinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib1968.htm for Wall, 1967]]; Miocene-Holocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Trabeculidium]]</I> [[Duxbury, 1980]]; Cretaceous (Barremian).<BR>
+<I>[[Trabeculidium]]</I> [[ERROR bib529.htm for Duxbury, 1980]]; Cretaceous (Barremian).<BR>
-?<I>[[Triblastula]]</I> [[Wetzel, 1933b|O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; Late Cretaceous.<BR>
+?<I>[[Triblastula]]</I> [[ERROR bib1998.htm for O. Wetzel, 1933b]]; Late Cretaceous.<BR>
-<I>[[Tubotuberella]]</I> [[Vozzhennikova, 1967]]; Late Jurassic.<BR>
+<I>[[Tubotuberella]]</I> [[ERROR bib1961.htm for Vozzhennikova, 1967]]; Late Jurassic.<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Dimidiadinium]]</I> [[Brideaux, 1977]]; taxonomic junior synonym - see [[Lentin and Williams, 1989]], p.106</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Dimidiadinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib159.htm for Brideaux, 1977]]; taxonomic junior synonym - see [[ERROR bib1176.htm for Lentin and Williams, 1989]], p.106</UL><BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Glabridinium]]</I> [[Brideaux, 1977]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Sarjeant, 1982b]], p.41)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Glabridinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib159.htm for Brideaux, 1977]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1678.htm for Sarjeant, 1982b]], p.41)</UL><BR>
-<I>[[Turnhosphaera]]</I> [[Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Santonian).<BR>
+<I>[[Turnhosphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib1774.htm for Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Santonian).<BR>
-<I>[[Unipontidinium]]</I> [[Wrenn, 1988]]; Mid Miocene.<BR>
+<I>[[Unipontidinium]]</I> [[ERROR bib2077.htm for Wrenn, 1988]]; Mid Miocene.<BR>
-<I>[[Wilsonisphaera]]</I> [[Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Senonian).<BR>
+<I>[[Wilsonisphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib1774.htm for Slimani, 1994]]; Cretaceous (Senonian).<BR>
-<UL>(=<I>[[Glaphyrosphaera]]</I> [[Schi&#248;ler and Wilson, 1994]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[Schi&#248;ler and Wilson, 1995]], p.511)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(=<I>[[Glaphyrosphaera]]</I> [[ERROR bib1729.htm for Schi&#248;ler and Wilson, 1994]]; taxonomic junior synonym according to [[ERROR bib1730.htm for Schi&#248;ler and Wilson, 1995]], p.511)</UL><BR>
-<I>[[Wrevittia]]</I> [[Helenes and Lucas-Clark, 1997]]; Cretaceous (Neocomian-Aptian).<BR>
+<I>[[Wrevittia]]</I> [[ERROR bib881.htm for Helenes and Lucas-Clark, 1997]]; Cretaceous (Neocomian-Aptian).<BR>
 </UL><B>Other names:</B><UL><BR>
-<UL>(<I>[[Imperfectodinium]]</I> Zevenboom and Santarelli in [[Zevenboom, 1995]]; name not validly published)</UL><BR>
+<UL>(<I>[[Imperfectodinium]]</I> Zevenboom and Santarelli in [[ERROR bib2100.htm for Zevenboom, 1995]]; name not validly published)</UL><BR>
 </UL></TD></TABLE><BR>