Difference between revisions of "Spiniferites twistringiensis"

<B><I>twistringiensis</I></B> ([[Maier, 1959]], p.308-309, pl.30, figs.3-4) [[Fensome et al., 1990]], p.639.&nbsp; Holotype: [[Maier, 1959]], pl.30, fig.3; [[Sarjeant, 1983]], pl.5, fig.3.&nbsp; Originally <I>[[Galea twistringiensis|Galea]]</I> (generic name illegitimate), subsequently <I>[[Baltisphaeridium twistringiense Appendix A|Baltisphaeridium]]</I> (Appendix A), thirdly <I>[[Areoligera twistringiensis|Areoligera]]</I>, fourthly (and now) <I>Spiniferites</I>.&nbsp; Taxonomic junior synonyms: (at specific rank) <I>[[Hystrichosphaera ramosa var. multibrevis|Hystrichosphaera ramosa]]</I> var. <I>[[Hystrichosphaera ramosa var. multibrevis|multibrevis]]</I> (subsequently <I>[[Spiniferites multibrevis]]</I>), according to [[Sarjeant, 1983|Sarjeant (1983]], p.94-95); <I>[[Achomosphaera cambra|Achomosphaera]]</I> (al. <I>[[Spiniferites cambrus|Spiniferites]]</I>) <I>[[Achomosphaera cambra|cambra]]</I>, by implication in [[Jain, 1982|Jain (1982]], p.51), who considered this species to be a taxonomic junior synonym of <I>[[Hystrichosphaera ramosa var. multibrevis|Hystrichosphaera ramosa]]</I> var. <I>[[Hystrichosphaera ramosa var. multibrevis|multibrevis]]</I> (as <I>[[Spiniferites ramosus subsp. multibrevis|Spiniferites ramosus]]</I> subsp. <I>[[Spiniferites ramosus subsp. multibrevis|multibrevis]]</I>).&nbsp; Following I.C.N. Article 55.1, the species name <I>[[Galea twistringiensis]]</I> is validly published even though the generic name <I>[[Galea twistringiensis|Galea]]</I> is illegitimate. According to [[Fensome et al., 1990|Fensome et al. (1990]], p.639): "[[Lentin and Williams, 1985|Lentin and Williams (1985]], p.140,333) and [[Lentin and Williams, 1989|Lentin and Williams (1989]], p.347) brought together the synonymies proposed by [[Jain, 1982|Jain (1982]]) and [[Sarjeant, 1983|Sarjeant (1983]]), but also accepted the elevation of the variety (and later subspecies) '<I>multibrevis</I>' to specific rank as <I>[[Spiniferites multibrevis]]</I>.&nbsp; [[Lentin and Williams, 1985|Lentin and Williams (1985]],[[Lentin and Williams, 1989|1989]]) considered the epithet '<I>multibrevis</I>' to be senior.&nbsp; Since the latter epithet was not raised to specific rank until [[Below, 1982c|Below (1982c]], p.35) did so, the epithets '<I>twistringiensis</I>' (validly published in 1964) and '<I>cambrus</I>' (erected in 1970) are both senior to '<I>multibrevis</I>' at specific rank.&nbsp; Thus, following the synonymies cited above and considering this taxon at specific rank, the correct name is <I>Spiniferites twistringiensis</I> ....&nbsp; The specific epithet has commonly been misspelled '<I>twistringense</I>'."  Age: Mid Miocene.